Lord Of The Flies As A Psychological Allegory - 1170 Words

Some speculate that the people who commit extremely appalling acts as adults were raised to commit these ghastly crimes, while others believe that everyone is born with an evil already inside of them. In William Golding’s psychological fiction Lord of the Flies, the idea of being born innately evil is recurrently alluded to. The novel is about a group of young British boys who crash land on a remote island. They are left with no laws to tell them what they can or cannot do, and are extremely frightened of a so called â€Å"Beast† that they expect lives on the island. In the Lord of the Flies, â€Å"The Beast† symbolizes the evil and devilish proclivity inside of all humans. Through the use of â€Å"The Beast†, William Golding illustrates how the novel is†¦show more content†¦Society and laws, however, have been put in place to keep this â€Å"Beast† hidden. Instead of being the sweet little British boys that the children were expected to be in the beginning of the novel, â€Å"the Beast† inside of these kids has shown not only their recklessness, but also their pure evil that has been kept sequestered. Not only is â€Å"The Beast† implanted in the children’s heads, but it is also something that they can never truly get rid of. Golding introduces this idea during a conversation between Simon and The Lord of the Flies: â€Å"‘Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!’ said the head† (Golding 143). By claiming that â€Å"The Beast† is not something that the children can hunt and kill, Golding portrays his belief that the evil inside of all human beings cannot be exterminated. By portraying this belief, Golding once again relates to the concept of â€Å"The Beast† being the id. Being that the id is a part of a human’s subconscious mind, it would be impossible to completely get rid of it. However, throughout the text, Golding alludes to the fact that man’s evil is covered up by the rules and laws of society. This, in turn, causes the id to be covered up. One would never walk amongst others acting complet ely on emotion. This would progenerate a completely rampageous environment. Golding is suggesting that society’s rules eliminate any chance of this sort of environment. However, by stripping away society’s rules on the island, Golding isShow MoreRelatedLord of the Flies by William Golding1585 Words   |  7 Pages Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a fictional novel highlighting natural characteristics of man kind. The Book was created during the post World War II period. Before creating this novel, William had experience in the navy where he learned of the nature of mankind. The introduction of the book portrays a plane crash where a large group of boys are stranded on an island. Here they grow in character and human instincts such as leadership, brutality, and survival are displayedRead MoreAllegories In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies885 Words   |  4 Pagesfield with his model of the human psyche. According to his model, the mind is divided into three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. William Golding’s allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies, employs these three aspects of the psyche through intricate characterization representing the concepts of id, ego, and superego. Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young British boys who are stranded on an island in the South Pacific. They become trapped when their plane is shot down while trying to escapeRead MoreLord of the Flies Nature of Man1726 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies: The Nature of Man William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is a gritty allegory of adolescence, innocence, and the unspoken side of human nature. Countless social issues are portrayed, however one of the most reoccurring is the nature of man. Throughout the novel there is an ever-present focus on the loss of innocence amongst the boys, shown by the deterioration of social skills and their retrogression into a barbaric form of society. Also portrayed is the juxtaposition of a cruelRead MoreLord Of The Flies Character Analysis Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesHowever, society attempts to lock those instincts away by casting a burden called rules upon them. In the allegorical text, Lord of the Flies, William Golding depicts a group of boys, stranded on a tropical island, free of civilization. Here he paints an image of what humans really are without the burdens of society. In Golding’s psychological allegory The Lord of the Flies, Jack embodies the ID, someone who acts based on his/her own ba sic wants and needs, for the sake of establishing his theme:Read MoreFreudian Theory Into Lord Of The Flies1764 Words   |  8 Pages The psychological makeup of a person has a significant influence on the quality of their decisions and behaviors. Golding incorporates the theme of Freudian theory into Lord of the Flies to present a psychological meaning that explains the struggles associated within everyone. Various symbols justify the characters as specific parts of Freud’s analysis of the human personality. In Lord of the Flies, Golding establishes a psychological meaning through the use of symbolism to personify PiggyRead MoreTo What Extent Does a Marxist Reading of Lord of the Flies Lead to a Fuller Understanding of the Novel?1888 Words   |  8 PagesTo what extent does a Marxist reading of ‘Lord of the Flies’ lead to a fuller understanding of the novel? ‘Lord of the Flies’ is based almost entirely on Golding’s view that evil is an inherent force in every man, â€Å"man produces evil as a bee produces honey†. Golding acquired this belief while he was a soldier in the Second World War. From that point on, he became extremely pessimistic about human nature, calling it â€Å"the disease of being human†. This belief is shown very clearly, as he puts ‘innocent’Read MoreSymbolism in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1918 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism in William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’ Definition: A symbol is something that is itself as well as something else. In literature it means literal or objective sense coupled with abstract meaning. Symbolism refers to serious and extensive use of symbols in a work of literature. Symbolism in Lord of the Flies: The novel is rich in symbolism. A host of different interpretations of the novel’s symbolism – political, psychological and religious – exists. We will look at some of the prominentRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1857 Words   |  8 Pages It is very evident that The Lord of the Flies by William Golding has many allegorical applications to it, so what is the lesson the Golding is trying to teach us? The book is mainly about boys who are stranded on an island in the middle of nowhere, so it would make sense that Golding’s lesson comes from that aspect of the novel. Golding uses a psychological allegory to show that alienation from human civilization cause the human mindset to deteriorate. Mankind tends to take advantage of situationsRead MoreLord of the Flies3107 Words   |  13 PagesLord of the Flies William Golding In Between the Modern and the Postmodern Content: 1. Fragments chosen.............................................................................. 2. In Between the Modern and the Postmodern - essey........................ 3. Questions.............................................................................................. 4. Bibliography........................................................................................ [Read MoreArchetype Analysis of Lord of the Flies2467 Words   |  10 Pageshis first writing Lord of the Flies, in which symbolism is wildly used and attributes lots of symbolic meanings to the characters and events. The story thus becomes vivid and profound. This paper aims at using Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung’s collective unconscious and archetypal theories to interpret the archetypes of characters, natural scenes and themes. Key words: symbolism, Lord of the Flies, collective unconscious, archetypal theory 0. Introduction Lord of the Flies is the masterpiece

Part Four Chapter IX Free Essays

IX The Yarvil and District Gazette erred on the side of caution in reporting what had been said during the most acrimonious Pagford Parish Council meeting in living memory. It made little difference; the bowdlerized report, augmented by the vivid eye-witness descriptions offered by all who had attended, still created widespread gossip. To make matters worse, a front-page story detailed the anonymous internet attacks in the dead man’s name that had, to quote Alison Jenkins, ’caused considerable speculation and anger. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Four Chapter IX or any similar topic only for you Order Now See page four for full report.’ While the names of the accused and the details of their supposed misdemeanours were not given, the sight of ‘serious allegations’ and ‘criminal activity’ in newsprint disturbed Howard even more than the original posts. ‘We should have beefed up security on the site as soon as that first post appeared,’ he said, addressing his wife and business partner from in front of his gas fire. Silent spring rain sprinkled the window, and the back lawn glistened with tiny red pinpricks of light. Howard was feeling shivery, and was hogging all the heat emanating from the fake coal. For several days, nearly every visitor to the delicatessen and the cafe had been gossiping about the anonymous posts, about the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother and about Parminder Jawanda’s outburst at the council meeting. Howard hated the things that she had shouted being bandied about in public. For the first time in his life, he felt uncomfortable in his own shop, and concerned about his previously unassailable position in Pagford. The election for the replacement of Barry Fairbrother would take place the following day, and where Howard had felt sanguine and excited, he was worried and twitchy. ‘This has done a lot of damage. A lot of damage,’ he repeated. His hand strayed to his belly to scratch, but he pulled it away, enduring the itch with a martyr’s expression. He would not soon forget what Dr Jawanda had screamed to the council and the press. He and Shirley had already checked the details of the General Medical Council, gone to see Dr Crawford, and made a formal complaint. Parminder had not been seen at work since, so no doubt she was already regretting her outburst. Nevertheless, Howard could not rid himself of the sight of her expression as she screamed at him. It had shaken him to see such hatred on another human’s face. ‘It’ll all blow over,’ said Shirley reassuringly. ‘I’m not so sure,’ said Howard. ‘I’m not so sure. It doesn’t make us look good. The council. Rows in front of the press. We look divided. Aubrey says they’re not happy, at District level. This whole thing’s undermined our statement about the Fields. Squabbling in public, everything getting dirty †¦ it doesn’t look like the council’s speaking for the town.’ ‘But we are,’ said Shirley, with a little laugh. ‘Nobody in Pagford wants the Fields – hardly anyone.’ ‘The article makes it look like our side went after pro-Fielders. Tried to intimidate them,’ said Howard, succumbing to the temptation to scratch, and doing it fiercely. ‘All right, Aubrey knows it wasn’t any of our side, but that’s not how that journalist made it look. And I’ll tell you this: if Yarvil makes us look inept or dirty †¦ they’ve been looking for a chance to take us over for years.’ ‘That won’t happen,’ said Shirley at once. ‘That couldn’t happen.’ ‘I thought it was over,’ said Howard, ignoring his wife, and thinking of the Fields. ‘I thought we’d done it. I thought we’d got rid of them.’ The article over which he had spent so much time, explaining why the estate and the Bellchapel Addiction Clinic were drains and blots on Pagford, had been completely overshadowed by the scandals of Parminder’s outburst, and the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother. Howard had completely forgotten now how much pleasure the accusations against Simon Price had given him, and that it had not occurred to him to remove them until Price’s wife had asked. ‘District Council’s emailed me,’ he told Maureen, ‘with a bunch of questions about the website. They want to hear what steps we’ve taken against defamation. They think the security’s lax.’ Shirley, who detected a personal reproof in all of this, said coldly, ‘I’ve told you, I’ve taken care of it, Howard.’ The nephew of friends of Howard and Shirley’s had come round the previous day, while Howard was at work. The boy was halfway through a degree in computing. His recommendation to Shirley had been that they take down the immensely hackable website, bring in ‘someone who knows what they’re doing’ and set up a new one. Shirley had understood barely one word in ten of the technical jargon that the young man had spewed at her. She knew that ‘hack’ meant to breach illegally, and when the student stopped talking his gibberish, she was left with the confused impression that the Ghost had somehow managed to find out people’s passwords, maybe by questioning them cunningly in casual conversation. She had therefore emailed everybody to request that they change their password and make sure not to share the new one with anybody. This was what she meant by ‘I’ve taken care of it’. As to the suggestion of closing down the site, of which she was guardian and curator, she had taken no steps, nor had she mentioned the idea to Howard. Shirley was afraid that a site containing all the security measures that the superior young man had suggested would be way beyond the scope of her managerial and technical skills. She was already stretched to the limits of her abilities, and she was determined to cling to the post of administrator. ‘If Miles is elected – ‘ Shirley began, but Maureen interrupted, in her deep voice. ‘Let’s hope it hasn’t hurt him, this nasty stuff. Let’s hope there isn’t a backlash against him.’ ‘People will know Miles had nothing to do with it,’ said Shirley coolly. ‘Will they, though?’ said Maureen, and Shirley simply hated her. How dare she sit in Shirley’s lounge and contradict her? And what was worse, Howard was nodding his agreement with Maureen. ‘That’s my worry,’ he said, ‘and we need Miles more than ever now. Get some cohesion back on the council. After Bends-Your-Ear said what she said – after all the uproar – we didn’t even take the vote on Bellchapel. We need Miles.’ Shirley had already walked out of the room in silent protest at Howard’s siding with Maureen. She busied herself with the teacups in the kitchen, silently fuming, wondering why she did not set out only two cups to give Maureen the hint that she so richly deserved. Shirley continued to feel nothing but defiant admiration for the Ghost. His accusations had exposed the truth about people whom she disliked and despised, people who were destructive and wrong-headed. She was sure that the electorate of Pagford would see things her way and vote for Miles, rather than that disgusting man, Colin Wall. ‘When shall we go and vote?’ Shirley asked Howard, re-entering the room with the tinkling tea tray, and pointedly ignoring Maureen (for it was their son whose name they would tick on the ballot). But to her intense irritation, Howard suggested that all three of them go after closing time. Miles Mollison was quite as concerned as his father that the unprecedented ill-humour surrounding next day’s vote would affect his electoral chances. That very morning he had entered the newsagent’s behind the Square and caught a snatch of conversation between the woman behind the till and her elderly customer. ‘†¦ Mollison’s always thought he was king of Pagford,’ the old man was saying, oblivious to the wooden expression on the shopkeeper’s face. ‘I liked Barry Fairbrother. Tragedy, that was. Tragedy. The Mollison boy did our wills and I thought he was very pleased with himself.’ Miles had lost his nerve at that and slipped back out of the shop, his face glowing like a schoolboy’s. He wondered whether the well-spoken old man was the originator of that anonymous letter. Miles’ comfortable belief in his own likeability was shaken, and he kept trying to imagine how it would feel if nobody voted for him the following day. As he undressed for bed that night, he watched his silent wife’s reflection in the dressing-table mirror. For days, Samantha had been nothing but sarcastic if he mentioned the election. He could have done with some support, some comfort, this evening. He also felt randy. It had been a long time. Thinking back, he supposed that it had been the night before Barry Fairbrother dropped dead. She had been a little bit drunk. It often took a little bit of drink, these days. ‘How was work?’ he asked, watching her undo her bra in the mirror. Samantha did not answer immediately. She rubbed the deep red grooves in the flesh beneath her arms left by the tight bra, then said, without looking at Miles, ‘I’ve been meaning to talk to you about that, actually.’ She hated having to say it. She had been trying to avoid doing so for several weeks. ‘Roy thinks I ought to close the shop. It’s not doing well.’ Exactly how badly the shop was doing would be a shock to Miles. It had been a shock to her, when her accountant had laid out the position in the baldest terms. She had both known and not known. It was strange how your brain could know what your heart refused to accept. ‘Oh,’ said Miles. ‘But you’d keep the website?’ ‘Yeah,’ she said. ‘We’d keep the website.’ ‘Well, that’s good,’ said Miles encouragingly. He waited for almost a minute, out of respect for the death of her shop. Then he said, ‘I don’t suppose you saw the Gazette today?’ She reached over for the nightdress on her pillow and he had a satisfying glimpse of her breasts. Sex would definitely help relax him. ‘It’s a real shame, Sam,’ he said, crawling across the bed behind her, and waiting to put his arms around her as she wriggled into the nightdress. ‘About the shop. It was a great little place. And you’ve had it, what – ten years?’ ‘Fourteen,’ said Samantha. She knew what he wanted. She considered telling him to go and screw himself, and decamping to the spare room, but the trouble was that there would then be a row and an atmosphere, and what she wanted more than anything in the world was to be able to head off to London with Libby in two days’ time, wearing the T-shirts that she had bought them both, and to be within close proximity of Jake and his band mates for a whole evening. This excursion constituted the entire sum of Samantha’s current happiness. What was more, sex might assuage Miles’ continuing annoyance that she was missing Howard’s birthday party. So she let him embrace and then kiss her. She closed her eyes, climbed on top of him, and imagined herself riding Jake on a deserted white beach, nineteen years old to his twenty-one. She came while imagining Miles watching them, furiously, through binoculars, from a distant pedalo. How to cite Part Four Chapter IX, Essay examples

Managing Human Capital Entrepreneurship Advancement of the Organizat

Question: Describe about the Managing Human Capital Entrepreneurship for Advancement of the Organization. Answer: Part A. Introduction Introduction to Proposal Being the senior manager of Dhiraagu which is a telecommunication service provider in Maldives the advancement of the organization along with every individual working is one of the important responsibilities (Augusto, Couto Caiado, 2014). The role of leading the work force as well as the sharing the shoulder of top management officials is a task to be executed efficiently. The execution of work has to be oriented towards organizational goals. In any organization whether big or small the conception, advancement and execution of the enterprise magnitude have to be integral components. The delivery of work along with optimum performance has to be extracted from each individual working in Dhiraagu (Baptista, Karaz Mendona, 2014). One of the major roles as senior manager is to maintain balance between all the sections of the department along with keeping the objectives and advancement of work in mind. It is also required to provide suggestions and scope for improvement. It is to be assured that the employees realize the objectives and goals of the organization by accomplishing the tasks by using time efficiently (BarNir, 2012). The team has to work according to the business plan by following perception and ethics set up by the organization. Being accountable for enterprising and assisting any alteration required to accelerate the growth of the company is an indispensible role. Background to the issue The most important resource of an organization like Dhiraagu is its human resource. Employees devote most part of their day working hard to achieve the targets contributing to the productivity of the organization. The employees need to be constantly motivated to get connected to the organizational goals and perception so as to perform well (Cerrato et al., 2012). Employees undergo training and get exposed to various skills through experience from time to time which in result improves work quality and efficiency. Human capital denotes to the standard of value of the set of skills of an employee from economic context. Human capital management refers to the technique and system of handling and managing human resource in an organization. It is a part of talent management that denotes to the practice through which individuals are recognized and recruited and provided with knowledge and skills, development of leadership, succession, management of performance, providing training, development of career and other organizational methods such as collaboration of employee and planning of workforce (Corbett et al., 2013). This concept conceives that workforce is varying and has to be subjected for improvement which in turn contributes to the overall growth of the organization and its employees. Scope and Proposal of the Issue For any organization it is vital to have productive individuals at all levels of the management for achieving success. The human capital is handled by the department of human resource. The human resource management inspects and directs management of organizations workforce, optimization, acquisition, recruitment, strategy of workforce, planning, analysis, training as well as development of career of employees. As a whole human capital management refers to the enhancement of the skills of an employee so that the employee delivers the best possible outcomes (Criaco et al., 2014). The report is regarding the proposal to the management of Dhiraagu to enhance human capital management of the company so as to enhance the work atmosphere and create a better performing human capital. The proposal suggests ways to enhance employee motivation and effectiveness which will in turn propel productivity of Dhiraagu. Analysis of Organizational Climate Causes of low morale of employees- The performance of employees in Dhiraagu has been unsatisfactory which lead to repercussions such as work that is unproductive along with delay in work completion. This further magnifies errors that may result in great losses to the organization (Caselli Gennaioli, 2013). The issues may crop up right from ground to management level. The issues that may affect the motivation of the employees may expand from the deficiency of employers affirmation towards the work of the employees to the lack of methods to obtain goal oriented results. Causes of low morale of employees In order to avoid unproductive work and make employees perform better it is required to identify these issues and reach to the basis of the causes such as:- a) Uncertain expectations or requisites:-Employees in Dhiraagu feel disoriented and are unable to perform the goals of the organization when the requirements are not clearly set by the employer (Gedajlovic et al., 2013). The employees also get demotivated when appraisals and feedback is not provided to them. When the employer does not give proper illustrations of appropriate performance or does not rectify the mistakes through exercising steady analysis of job it relays a message that the supervisor does not give priority to the subordinates work. This hampers motivation of the employees and the workforce production falls off. b) Shortage of adequate materials:-When the management does not provide provisions of adequate equipment and materials to assist in obtaining productivity, the employees become demotivated (Grichnik et al, 2014). The appeal to the management by the employees regarding organizational infrastructures further adds to the resentment and destroys the motivation of the employee. The lack of these facilities in the work environment will create hindrance in the execution of the works due to which work performance as well as productivity suffers. c) Investment of personal business:-When an employer does not seek for his or her employees ideas, views or opinions, it results in creation of a work environment where the employee only works in order to gather his salary at the end of the month and not realize his importance in the organization. It makes the employee feel as if his contribution to the organization is not recognized and in return he/she feels disconnected with the organizational goals and vision and gets demotivated (Leitch, McMullan Harrison, 2013). The employee ceases to present his ideas, opinions and be creative which would have proved to be beneficial to the organization d) Shortage of pay or rewards:-An employee works in an organization with a basic need of finance which is supposed to be the prime motivation factor. If the organization does not pay optimum salary to the employee with respect to his/her standard of work he/she gets demotivated and loses interest in the job (Martin, McNally Kay, 2013). Even if the organization does not reward its employees for the best performances on monthly ,quarterly or annually, does not reward its employees with bonus for sales or for festivals ,its creates a sense of disconnection from the organization which results in demotivation of the employee. e) Leaders not setting up right example: - Some supervisors are egocentric, ruthless and belittle their subordinates which instill low morale in employees. Though these sort of supervisors are highly paid and dont really bother about their own motivation, they should generate motivation among other employees (Milln, Congregado Romn, 2014). The employees should feel that their leader is along with them. f)No or insignificant accountability:-Every organization should make effort in making its employees understand that every mistake they commit is a learning experience and at the same time the organization needs to make equal efforts in cooperating with the situation. If the supervisors are not cooperative and understanding, the employees feel discouraged and demotivated (Peng, Sun Markczy, 2015). g)Less or no career growth opportunities:-If in the organization the employees do not find rewards or appraisals for high performances or successive career growth opportunities they will not feel motivated to give better performance or even continue their career in the same company. h)Internal competition:-The backstabbing occurring due to too much of internal competition leads to sabotaging of the eagerness of the employees to put in best efforts .This also demotivates the employees from continuing their work in such work environment (Rauch Rijsdijk, 2013). I) Trust issues:-If the management or superiors in an organization do not build the relationship of trust with their subordinates or employees then everything the former do to enhance recognition of the latter will appear as manipulation. Employees will feel as if the subordinates are taking advantage of them by being too sweet and further the employees will dissociate from them as their morale will suffer. j) Not building teams that are effective:-The factors such as scare of conflict, accountability avoidance, absence of trust, shortage of commitment and not being attentive to the outcome gives rise to the failure of the management in creating an effective team. This leads to limiting the productivity and organizational objectives for both employees and the management. k) Keeping it unreal:-If the leaders fake the appreciation or their behavior towards their employees somehow it gets reflected and employees sense it. This adds to the resentment of the employees making them demotivated (Stone, 2013). Turnover Issues The strength of an organization comes from the lot of talented and skilled and experienced human resources and such employees should be given high priority. Though employee turnover being a natural component in any organization it decreases the efficiency of the organization and creates the loss of talented human resource as well as prices of the replacement of training and recruitment (Santarelli Tran, 2013). This costs a lot to the organization as the company had either given effort to bring in the skills or develop and train the employee with the set of skills required to do the job which is lost when the employee leaves the organization (Volery et al., 2013). This further gets intensified when the employee joins the competitor of previous company which implies what the former company lost is gained by the latter one. Causes of employee turnover a) Management is poor: - The employees get demotivated when they sense their efforts and work is not being appreciated or valued by their managers .This results in employees seek for appraisals and work environment where their work would be valued and hence, resign from the current organization. b) Improper hiring: - Employees however talented they may be in their curriculum will tend to leave the organization if their ethics and persona does not match with the company. c) Organization being unable to meet expectations of the employee:- Most of the time the pay scale, work conditions, benefits etc. do not fulfill the expectations of the employee because of which the employee ends his tenure in the company. Ways to reduce employee turnover a) Encouraging pay scale: - Pay scale and benefits that are highly competitive in the market if being offered to the employees, they are motivated and work harder in their profile and are dedicated to the organization. Competitive benefits such a healthcare, flexible conditions of work and holidays provides satisfaction to the employees and they do not feel the need to leave the organization. b) Relevance of work: - The quality of work matters to the employees and the management should make an effort to make the employees understand that their work is meaningful and adds value to the organizations (Warner, 2013). c) Pride: - The employees should feel that they are associated with a respected organization and take pride in working there. d) Leaders should respect their subordinates: - Supervisors should respect and value the efforts and the works of their subordinates along with respecting them which would make employees feel that they are important to the company. e) Employees being vested with decision making power: - The employees when empowered to make decisions instill a motivation in them that they too participate in the development of the organization. f) Building communication: - There has to be communication between the employees and their leaders so as to lessen the gap and information is shared so as to increase participation and bond. g) Team building exercises: - Efforts should be made by the management to build team so as to increase engagement of the employees in the organization. Importance of an Effective Team A team in a work place is a group of employees who come together to share ideas and information, divide the work load, take decisions, perform within the respective area of responsibility in an organization. Although the employees are hired for their individual skills they are put to test and made to perform in groups. It is found nowadays that professionals prefer to work in groups where work can be done effectively rather than striving individually. Managers, supervisors and subordinates all work together to generate a much better performance and productivity of better quality. There are more benefits when the work is done in groups as many people are working together for the same goal. For an instance if problem arises during work many people are there to assist in solving the issue. Many employees in a group make the workload to be reduced and divide which results in faster delivery of work with enhanced quality (Santarelli Tran, 2013). Teamwork denotes that the total is better than the individual parts as the responsibility is shared. This opens up the scope of the company to undertake more work eventually generate more revenue with same human resources. While working in a group multiple ideas generate during the discussion and meeting encouraging creativity. The employees get experience and learn a lot while working in a team. During the time of crisis team members lend support to one another which is crucial in a work environment. Employee Motivation and Engagement Introduction to Motivation Motivation is a process of administering inspiration in an employee to do a particular work. It helps in making the employee be willing to work. Motives are the needs which can be strongly perceived by the employee among the various needs, most of them which change with time. Motivation drives a person towards achieving his organizational goals. It can also be defined as the organizational technique by which a manager encourages his subordinates to work in a particular fashion to generate desired results (Volery et al., 2013). Motivating Employee In this process the manager also has to satisfy the needs, requirements, desires etc. of the employees such that they get motivated. Sharing of organization vision and clear expectations Each and every employee should be made aware of his or her job responsibility and in which way that contributes to the overall growth of the organization. The companys vision should be shared with the employees so that they are goal oriented. It is the responsibility of the employer to regularize appraisals and give timely feedbacks to the employees for their work assigned (Warner, 2013). The employer should analyze the work of the employees and rectify the mistakes if any. The workers should be able to perform well and achieve their expectations. Providing organizational equipment Proper organizational infrastructure should be provided to the employees keeping the technical as well as non-technical requirements into consideration. The management needs to improve the work environment by providing efficient resources along with providing basic facilities regarding refreshments (Warner, 2013). These efforts in enhancing the infrastructure will motivate the employees with a message that the management recognizes the outlook of their job and supports them in achieving the requirements. Encouraging team building and breaking communication barriers The management needs to make efforts towards organizing events and meetings in which the employees can convey their ideas, views and opinions which will enhance the creative pool of the organization. This not only will enhance the interest and involvement of the employees but also improve the productivity of the organization as a whole. When the employees notice that their ideas and opinions are being valued and put into execution for the development of the organization. This motivates the employees and they put in greater effort and generate better results. Rewards and incentives Dhiraagu need to revise its pay scale in order to instill motivation in its employees. There is also a need to reward the employees with special recognitions on monthly, quarterly or annual basis which will not only motivate the employees to work harder but will also create a competitive environment in the organization. Employee Engagement Employee engagement is an approach in the organization which is the result of the appropriate conditions in the work environment to give the best productivity according to the goals and ethics of the organization along with being motivated towards achieving success for the organization and advantages for themselves (Martin, McNally Kay, 2013). Employee engagement can be improved by the following means:- Sharing about companys impact instead of financial results:-The employees feel connected and motivated by the impact their organization has on the world around them. This is mostly noticed by the younger employees who form much part of the workforce. So speaking to them about how the company they are working with is leading in the market than speaking about its financial performance is going to keep them engaged. Rewarding employees who manage the task efficiently along with those with inspirational leadership:-Employees who work under inspiring leaders prove to be much more motivated and productive. Therefore, it can be said that employee engagement is very strongly affected by the superiors to inspire its employee. Employee advocacy:-The management should make efforts to improve the engagement through ways such as getting feedbacks from clients, customers and employees such that every individual associated with the organization should feel motivated and engaged and the employees should advocate or suggest the organization to acquaintances. Employee Retention and Productivity Introduction to employee retention It refers to various proceedings and approaches which enable the employee to work in an organization for a longer tenure. Every company invests time, energy, knowledge and money so as to make the new employees to perform equivalently with the existing employees (Leitch, McMullan Harrison, 2013). It does not matter how big or small the organization is once the new trained employee leaves it is a loss for the organization. This not only results in financial losses but also lowers the morale, performance and knowledge. To prevent such losses it is crucial to trace out ways to retain employees. Importance of productivity to organizational effectiveness Organizational effectiveness can be defined as the competency with which an organization is capable of meeting its goals and objectives. This denotes to overall effectiveness in areas such as talent management, leadership, strategy, sustainability, corporate culture, innovation, care for the environment, engagement, communication, etc. This also denotes to an organization where productivity is achieved with minimal wastage. Productivity on the other hand refers to the organizations ability to make proper usage of its resource for production of products or provide service to its customers or clients (Rauch Rijsdijk, 2013). Efficient usage of resources leads to lower production costs that result in improved sales and profits. This can encourage the investors and share value increases. This may also facilitate in sharing certain portion of the profit. Raising employee productivity Employees are supposed to give their best during working hours but often fail to do so. Thus, organizations have started allocating ways and methods to improve employee productivity. I) Relaxation on internet restrictions:-The fear of misuse of computers owned by the company has to be removed and the restrictions are to be uplifted so as to allow employees to surf freely and make efficient usage of internet .This will further enhance ideas and productivity. ii) Measuring of overall productivity: - The activities of the employees should be monitored regularly so as to have a clear idea about how the employees are executing the work given. Regular analysis of their productivity should be discussed and encouragement should be provided to them for better productivity. iii) Making work enjoyable: - The organizations need to include activities that are entertaining so as to create a delightful environment such that employees everyday eagerly comes to work. Proposed Recommendations Improving organizational climate a) Cleaning the workspace The workspace should be made clean by removing the untidy clutter so as to create an organized workspace in the organization. This enhances the organizational climate and manages work easily. b) Creating purpose The employees need to feel connected to their colleagues. In spite of belonging to different departments there has to be a unity in achieving the organizational goals and purpose. The employees should be able to notice how their contribution is being valued and proving fruitful to the organization (Leitch, McMullan Harrison, 2013). c) Rewarding fair rewards The organization has to make efforts in recognizing achievements of its employees, though it is not necessary for the rewards to be high figuration. The rewards for performing outstanding definitely boost morale of the employees improving the organizational climate. d) Developing communication and trust The management should put I effort to communicate with its employees and set clearly convey the organizational purpose, goals, mission, achievements, efforts and financial status so that the employees will have a trust on the organization due to clarity. Engaging Employees and Retaining Them Recruiting skilled workforce, attracting and hiring them and most importantly retaining them in the organization is one of the major challenges faced by organizations. Certain effective ways to engage and retain them are- Providing a healthy and positive work environment It is one of the major responsibilities of the manager to create a healthy and positive environment which appeals to the employees and they eager work engaging themselves and being dedicated to the organization. Recognizing performance and reinforcing apt behavior The basic nature of human being is to desire for appreciation and that retains him from withdrawing back. This concept has to be put into execution in the organization and regular recognition along with rewards has to be bestowed on the employees so that the motivational need is met. Developing potential The organization needs to create future for its skilled employees so that they do not leave the company which is an ultimate loss for the organization. Development of career and challenges should be provided to the employees so that they can look for scope for improvement. Increasing Productivity The ways to increase productivity at workplace are- Creating familiar environment: - The management needs to build an environment which feels familiar to the employee so that in spite of any crisis at workplace they would feel that the supervisors and managers have got their backs. This sense of belonging enhances productivity. Being aware of employees background: - Knowing the employees, whether working part time or full time, location from where they are coming to the workplace, the backgrounds they belong to helps create awareness and better understanding between both the employer and employees boosting productivity. Retaining by training: - Every individual at workplace gets lost and is unable to comprehend whether he is meeting the expectations or not. So as to clear these confusions it is required to regularly train employees (Grichnik et al, 2014). This way they would feel being taught and improving their skills and will feel the urge to keep working in the organization. Giving value to every employee: - The management needs to give value to every employee in every department equal importance so that they do not feel discrimination in their workplace. They should feel that they are also in the eyes of their leaders and get motivated to perform well. Conclusion In this report the issue regarding the effectiveness, retention and motivation in Dhiraagu has been addressed. Alteration in the human capital management of the organization regarding productivity has also been discussed. Measures that can be taken to boost motivation, efficiency, retention and productivity have been described. References Augusto Felcio, J., Couto, E., Caiado, J. (2014). Human capital, social capital and organizational performance.Management Decision,52(2), 350-364. Baptista, R., Karaz, M. and Mendona, J., (2014). The impact of human capital on the early success of necessity versus opportunity-based entrepreneurs.Small Business Economics,42(4), pp.831-847. BarNir, A. (2012). Starting technologically innovative ventures: reasons, human capital, and gender.Management Decision,50(3), 399-419. Cerrato, D. and Piva, M., (2012). The internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises: the effect of family management, human capital and foreign ownership.Journal of Management Governance,16(4), pp.617-644. Corbett, A., Covin, J. G., O'Connor, G. C., Tucci, C. L. (2013). Corporate Entrepreneurship: State?of?the?Art Research and a Future Research Agenda.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(5), 812-820. Criaco, G., Minola, T., Migliorini, P., Serarols-Tarrs, C. (2014). To have and have not: founders human capital and university start-up survival.The Journal of Technology Transfer, Caselli, F., Gennaioli, N. (2013). Dynastic management.Economic Inquiry,51(1), 971-996. Gedajlovic, E., Honig, B., Moore, C. B., Payne, G. T., Wright, M. (2013). Social capital and entrepreneurship: A schema and research agenda.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(3), 455-478. Grichnik, D., Brinckmann, J., Singh, L., Manigart, S. (2014). Beyond environmental scarcity: Human and social capital as driving forces of bootstrapping activities.Journal of Business Venturing,29(2), 310-326. Leitch, C.M., McMullan, C. and Harrison, R.T., (2013). The development of entrepreneurial leadership: The role of human, social and institutional capital.British Journal of Management,24(3), pp.347-366. Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes.Journal of Business Venturing,28(2), 211-224. Milln, J. M., Congregado, E., Romn, C. (2014). Entrepreneurship persistence with and without personnel: The role of human capital and previous unemployment.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,10(1), 187-206. Peng, M. W., Sun, S. L., Markczy, L. (2015). Human capital and CEO compensation during institutional transitions.Journal of Management Studies,52(1), 117-147. Rauch, A. and Rijsdijk, S.A., (2013). The effects of general and specific human capital on long?term growth and failure of newly founded businesses.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(4), pp.923-941. Stone, R. J. (2013).Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons Santarelli, E. and Tran, H.T., (2013). The interplay of human and social capital in shaping entrepreneurial performance: the case of Vietnam.Small Business Economics,40(2), pp.435-458. Volery, T., Mller, S., Oser, F., Naepflin, C., Rey, N. (2013). The impact of entrepreneurship education on human capital at upper?secondary level.Journal of Small Business Management,51(3), 429-446. Warner, M., (2013).Human Resource Management with Chinese Characteristics: Facing the Challanges of Globalization. Routledge.

Social Class in Classroom free essay sample

In contrast with these 20% of Americans a long with the other 80% are a lot of differences when it comes to learning in the classroom. According to Lee Warren of Harvard University, â€Å"In many parts of the country, class differences are sharply defined by accent: people talk like the neighborhood they came from†(Class in the Classroom, 2) where as someone from a more â€Å"run-down† neighborhood might have a less sophisticated vocabulary, just because they do not speak that way on a daily basis. However, that is all stereotypical. People â€Å"wrongly anticipate the knowledge or potential of specific classes of children† and as a result â€Å"children from high-class families are sometimes viewed as being more intelligent than those from lower social classes† (Social Class-Effects 1), which is not right at all. The amount of money one has, should not define how educated they are. â€Å"Education is based on learning specific skills, forming lifelong work habits and developing mature coping skills according to each students unique abilities† (FISD Career and Technical Education Center Handbook Addendum 4) not income and socioeconomic status. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Class in Classroom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not only is it stereotypical that students who come from a lower class family, have a weaker vocabulary, but some tend to believe that their level of academic readiness can not measure up to those from a higher social class. As quoted from Lee Warren, â€Å"differing levels of preparation and academic sophistication can sometimes be attributed to class background and the quality of previous schooling† (Class in the Classroom 2). While the type of previous schooling and preparation for school can demonstrate a student’s ocioeconomic class background; In contrast, author Richard Rothstein argues in his article, â€Å"The Social and Economic Realities That Challenge All Schools† that: â€Å"the success of some lower class students proves nothing about the power of schools †¦between low-income and middle-class children†¦on average, the achievement of low-income students is below that of middle-class students, but there are always some middle-class students who achieve below typical low-income levels; similarly, some low-income students achieve above typical middle-class levels. Which demonstrates that the type of school a student attends can be effective towards their education, however, it is up to the student to take advantage of the education they are receiving. Just because an upper class student attends a school that has very high academic standards does not mean that they are smart. It just represents the type of school he or she went to. The student can be failing every single class, because it is so hard, while a lower income class student can be a valedictorian of his/her school. To conclude, the type of school might display the student’s family income, however, grades are a different story. Anyone can be rich and quite blunt. Social class has a large effect on the students’ academic interests as well. In regards to that, it is also believed that those who come from the lower social class would have different academic interests in comparison to those of the upper class. In the article, â€Å"Class in the Classroom†, Warren interprets that â€Å"students from different class backgrounds can have very different reactions to material presented and very different interests in the material. † (3). When one goes off to college, they choose a major that best suits them and their interests, in some cases, â€Å"students from lower socioeconomic status families will disportionately select into majors with lower academic demands† (Siebens, Choice of Major and Continued Class Disadvantage in Higher Education 5);they are being pressured to do well in college and have to make sure that they will succeed because â€Å"disadvantaged students may be more sensitive to the risk of failure †¦students from low socioeconomic status families perceive their hazard of failure to be higher than others as well as†¦paying off tuition and fees, which are a large investment for these students†(Siebens, Choice of Major and Continued Class Disadvantage in Higher Education 4-5). Students of a lower socioeconomic status might choose what is portrayed as the â€Å"easiest major† just to get a degree, and most likely this person is probably the first out of his/her family to attend college, so the fact of getting a degree in any subject or field will be looked at as an accomplishment. These students also have more trouble paying for college, unless they receive financial aid, but the ones who do not receive it will go out of their way to pay for school. One will have to take out loans and pay them back, which is not easy without a well paying, stable job—thus pursuing a baccalaureate degree. In the lower social class of the United States, there are many factors that are being used to differentiate this small group from the middle and upper class students. A common reason found amongst most lower class students is the lack of confidence they all carry. According to James Rhem of NTLF, from the article â€Å"Social Class and Student Learning†: â€Å"Students from working-class backgrounds often lack confidence. They may have as much intelligence as students who come from wealth, but they see the world differently. They may, in fact, be more likely to lack academic skills and sophistication. They have less practice playing with ideas, conceptualizing and sometimes less practice in reading and writing. But even when they dont lack skills, they often remain uncertain of themselves, stay quiet in class, pick low-risk courses, and settle on very practical majors without allowing themselves to dream of more† (2). In other words, â€Å"these students are less able to work the system† (Warren, Class in the Classroom 1) and this means that they have more trouble finding out what to do, in terms of helping themselves. They are less exposed to ‘the college world† since there is no one these students can relate to—many other students from other socioeconomic status have some idea of what to do in college, because others who have attended college, such as siblings and parents, give proper advisement to these students, when help is neededas a result of â€Å"being able to work the system†. Middle class students (in contrast to the lower income students) are the ones who are â€Å"fairly† more prepared. The middle class students, â€Å"on average, receive more support at home and come to school more prepared for the work in class†(Kahlenberg, Middle Class Schools for All 2). Because they receive more support at home, they will have more people to be there for them in a sense of advisement. Middle class students are more prepared (as stated previously), these students have more exposure, in other words, being able what to expect in class, or being able to keep up with the work. Besides aving lower self esteem, â€Å"these students tend to have a higher level of motivation; based on their own clear idea of what an education can and will do for them† (Rhem, Social Class and Student Learning 2). These students have a higher level of motivation and strong work ethic since they â€Å"can manage hair-raising schedules of work, family, and college, pulling off demands of each with grit and a clear sense of purpose†(Warren, Class in the Classroom 2); thus giving these students the â€Å"psychological tools† they need to survive through out college. Although they might be more motivated, majority of the time, they are stressed out because of other factors that can get in the way of studying, such as work or helping out the family. Lower class students are usually depended on more, because of the many chores that boost their work ethic. In contrast to the middle and upper social class, the lower class students usually have larger priorities. Most of these students have to work while attending school, which can be a good and bad thing. On the bright side, students who work and go to college are more able to â€Å"value a higher education and know how to work hard† (Warren, Class in the Classroom 1) but on the other hand, â€Å"lower class students do drop out of college in higher rates then those of the middle and upper class† (Siebens, Choice of Major and Continued Class Disadvantage in Higher Education 4-5) because of the other priorities that become a burden on attending class and studying. Many lower income students do not have enough money to pay for college, so there’s a chance they can also qualify for financial aid. According to the article, â€Å"Simplifying Financial Aid Process Improves College Access for Low-Income Students,† there are nearly â€Å"17,000 low income students that were not aware of financial aid forms and higher education costs and prevented attending college† (LOOK UP WEBSITE CITATION). The students, who are aware of the forms to fill out to receive financial aid, are lucky since they do not have to invest as much money as the middle and upper class students do for a college education. Middle class families have had an even more difficult time paying for college because they are often declined of financial aid. While campaigning for office in 2000 and 2004, â€Å"President Bush promised to increase this assistance and give students â€Å"more access to and more choice in higher education† (The Middle Class Squeeze 8) although there has not been much change to increase the amount of financial aid given to lower and middle income class students. The advantage of getting the â€Å"governments money† to pay off college tuition is a huge factor in the amount of lower income class students who attend college. On the contrary, there are middle class students who also can not afford to pay $10,000+ tuition a year, but do not receive any aid. Students from upper class families usually have better advantages over those of the lower and middle class. These students tend to be more â€Å"confident in their place, and are more likely to speak up in class†(Warren, Class in the Classroom 2) and the studies of Turner and Sewell indicate that â€Å"upper class students generally have higher career aspirations that make college going imperative as the means of realizing their future ambitions† (The Social Context of Ambition). Because the upper class students have parents that earn an upper class salary, they tend to â€Å"be ambitious and value success, community responsibility, hard work and excellence (Warren, Class in the Classroom 2). † These students are ambitious, but they also succeed, as described by David H. Kamens of Northeastern University in the essay, â€Å"Social Class and College Dropout†: â€Å"With the exception of students from business families†¦academic success does tend to have more influence on students from high status families and less on those from lower class backgrounds. Perhaps this is because their aspirations are high, though are not contingent on superior academic performance. â€Å"(11). Upper class students also have more exposure to the world around them. Since majority of these students come from families of a large income, they can afford to Do we have to blame ones social class for the amount of education he or she receives? Absolutely not! One factor that can affect a person’s education attainment is the type of school they attended. According to the 2005 statistics in the National Assessment of Educational Progress, â€Å"given to fourth graders in math, for example, low-income students attending more affluent schools were almost two years ahead of low-income students in high-poverty schools. Indeed, low-income students given a chance to attend more-affluent schools performed more than half a year better, on average, than middle income students who attend high-poverty schools† (Kahlenberg, Middle Class Schools for All 2). From this data, it is clear to see that the type of school is what matters most, not income. Ones social income class should not be used to determine their intelligence, but to only advertise their yearly salary. Social class is a determinant used to define where a family stands in terms of salary and socioeconomic status. However, it is used to determine what will be offered to the family, for example, the type of school that each child will attend. But what it does not determine is the success of that student’s education attainment. Money can buy a college education yet, it will not buy literacy.

How to Find Cheap or Free Textbooks Online

How to Find Cheap or Free Textbooks Online Textbooks can cost a small fortune. It seems that every year the required texts get heavier and the prices get higher. According to a study from the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, students can easily pay between $700 and $1000 for books during a single year. An undergraduate student may end up paying up to $4,000 on books before he or she receives a degree. Unfortunately, distance learners don’t always escape this fate. While some online schools offer a virtual curriculum, free of charge, the majority of online colleges still require their students to purchase traditional textbooks with hefty price tags. Books for one or two classes could total in the hundreds. However, showing a little shopping savvy could save you a significant amount of cash. Better Than Cheap The only thing that’s better than cheap is free. Before you even check the bookstore, take a look to see if you can find the material elsewhere. There are dozens of virtual libraries that offer reference material and literature with no cost to the reader. While newer texts are unlikely to be online, hundreds of older pieces with expired copyrights are all over the internet. The Internet Public Library, for example, offers links to hundreds of full-text books, magazines, and newspapers. Bartleby, a similar site, offers thousands of ebooks and reference materials free of charge. Readers can even download the books for free and view them on their desktop or handheld device. Project Gutenberg provides 16,000 e-books free for download, including classics such as Pride and Prejudice and The Odyssey. Google Scholar is offering an ever-increasing database of free academic articles and ebooks. If your curriculum consists of an over-priced packet of photocopied articles, check to see i f the material is available here before forking over the cash. Another alternative is trying to find a student in your area who purchased the book during a previous semester. If your online school has message boards or other means of communicating with your peers, you may ask students who have taken the course before if they would be willing to sell the book at a discounted price. If you are near a physical college campus that offers courses similar to your online classes, scouring the campus for flyers advertising student-sold books may be your ticket to saving a few dollars. Before you begin a random search, find out what buildings house the departments that are likely to require your books. Students often post advertisements on the walls of their old classrooms.Some students are able to find their required materials in the library. While your regular public library is unlikely to carry most traditional textbooks, a local college may have the books available for limited use. Since you are not a student there, the librarians probably wonâ€℠¢t let you take the books with you. But, if the books are shelved, you may be able to use them for a couple hours each day in order to get your studying done. Shop Around If you aren’t able to get your books for free, make sure you get a good price. You should be able to find almost any text for less than its suggested retail price. Websites like eBay and Half host online auctions of a variety of items, including textbooks. Sites like Alibris connect to hundreds of independent booksellers around the world, finding you some of the best prices on used and new textbooks. Want to save on shipping? Run a search to see if there’s a local bookstore that will allow you to pick up the book you’re looking for. They often offer pleasant markdowns on a variety of texts.If you want to save money, don’t wait until the last minute to buy your books. When ordering from an online source, it may take time for you to find the best deal and for your order to be processed and shipped. If you’re disciplined enough to look ahead a month or two, you may be able to save a lot by bidding during an off-time, when hordes of students arenâ€℠¢t looking for the same book. Finding your books for cheap or free will take time and energy. But, to hundreds of students, getting a good deal is worth the extra effort. Suggested Bookseller Links:www.allbookstores.comwww.gutenberg.orgscholar.google.comwww.ipl.orgwww.bartleby.com Jamie Littlefield is a writer and instructional designer. She can be reached on Twitter or through her educational coaching website: jamielittlefield.com.

Asian-Americans and College Admissions

Higher education in the United States is still the main purpose of society. It will be the most important way of social mobility and economic independence and will reward people of all backgrounds and races. However, American universities have undergone intense changes emphasizing the advantages of providing higher education for certain privileged races, limiting the quotas of other Asian Americans. As predecessors of the 1920s denied the existence of Jewish quota, senior officials at Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University, and other Ivy League schools today declared the existence of Asian Quotas I strongly deny it. (Unz) However, statistical evidence suggests other As an Asian American activist I am skeptical of Harvard's lawsuit against unequal treatment of Asian Americans at university entrance. This case was proposed by advocacy groups for students' fair enrollment and was meant to represent my interests, which was a serious mistake. During the first year at Ya le University I learned the activities that the first year students stood together and the counselor set the goal to read cards that would not have me. If the prompt matches your background, the student goes ahead. Some tips are easy; Others ask for serious life experiences like discrimination, hunger or violence This is not the first time that the Harvard incident was accused of discriminating against students in Asia. In the 1980s, student activists pointed out that despite the rapid increase in the number of Asian Americans during college years, the admission rate of Asian American universities is still sluggish. They believe that this stagnation is mainly due to prejudice of entrance practices. This is relatively beneficial for Caucasian applicants, with relatively few Asian American enrollment. Due to these complaints, an internal survey on entrance exercises at Stanford University, Harvard University, Princeton University, and University of California, Berkeley was held. Sever al schools like Berkeley believe that they are doing nothing bad and that Asian American students are over-represented in their common population in the United States.

Should Cars Be More Efficient Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Should Cars Be More Efficient - Term Paper Example With the increase in fuel prices, consumers are quite likely to expect that the price of the car should meet with the budget allotted (Johnston, 2010). Based on the current role of automotive industry in the environmental degradation caused due to huge CO2 emissions and increasing consumption of non-renewable fuels, especially the companies engaged in manufacturing of cars, this paper will intend to provide an account of the essentiality to preserve and effectually enhance the efficiency of cars in the futuristic perspective. Needs for Eco-Friendly Automobiles The aggregate consumption level of cars can be identified as increasing day by day and consequently emissions of CO2 are also growing rapidly, owing to which environment is being affected by a higher degree of pollution making the atmosphere unhealthy for the prosperity of the living beings. With this concern, the European Union Commission along with various other national institutions has been identified to adopt various measu res for reducing the emission of CO2 in the long run. As a result, many new cars have been manufactured by automobile companies with special attention on using Liquid Petroleum Gas and hydrogen gas among other renewable energies. Many cars have also been manufactured, which run through electricity as well as chargeable battery power and thus attempt to lessen the consumption of fuels and simultaneously reduce the negative impact caused to the environment (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Steiner, 2008). Contextually, the massive manufacturing and using of cars are increasing the traffic system rapidly in every street of global environment. Due to immense pressure from the traffic, the environment has to witness harmful consequences related to sound and air pollution by the noise produced and CO2 emissions caused by automobiles. It is in this context that the consequences of environmental degradation, as led by automobiles, accumulatively give rise to global warming (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Ste iner, 2008). It is in this respect that emphasis is put on the growth in the consumption rate of cars in world transportation; the International Energy Agency has predicted that the demand for fuels along with the consequential release of pollution will rise substantially in the upcoming decades. As can be depicted from the chart below, the obtained statistics until 2050 provides an estimate that the rate of CO2 emissions is quite likely to rise rapidly with vast differences over decades. This, in turn, is quite likely to result in a greater degree of environmental degradation which certainly requires attention from the worldwide automotive companies (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Steiner, 2008). In other words, the obtained statistics apparently indicates the need for more efficient cars for the future generation which can be quite beneficial in reducing the predicted growth rate of CO2 emissions and thus result in a healthier environment. With this concern, various automotive companies a long with governmental and social institutions have targeted to manufacture environment friendly technologies to be used in cars with the sole intention of lowering emission rates and non-renewable energy such as fossil fuel consumption trends. Source: (Ward, Tanaka, Short, & Steiner, 2008) Success Factors of the Environment Strategies in Global Automobile At present and also in the future market, automobile industry should develop certain effectual strategies for making cars efficient by taking worthy account of

Linguistics structure and meaning in literary discourse Essay

Linguistics structure and meaning in literary discourse - Essay Example Complicating action and resolution, recognized as 'narrative clauses' by the Labov, are simple past main clauses and their order sums up the order of events in the narrative. The temporal sequence of the original semantic interpretation will be the ultimate result of an alteration in the order of complicating action and resolution. In the novel A Tale of Two Cities, the 'narrative clauses' of complicating action and resolution in the form of simple past main clauses whose order sums up the order of events are at work from the very opening of the narrative. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishnessit was the season of Light, it was the season of Darknesswe had everything before us, we had nothing before us" (Dickens, 3) The order of the various events in the narrative is the result of the order of the 'narrative clauses'. To comprehend these narrative strategies closely, complicating action is concerned with the narrative question 'Then what happened' and resolution with 'What finally happened' Similarly, the narrative function of the former has been that it is the main narrative category which provides the 'what happened' element of the story and the latter summarises the final focal episode of a story. More significantly, the linguistic form of complicating action is "temporally ordered narrative clauses with a verb in the simple past or present" where as that of resolution is "expressed as the last of the narrative clauses that began the complicating action." (A Sociolinguistic Model of Narrative) The linguistic forms of complicating action as well as resolution in the novel are evidently reflected in the sentence constructions of the narrative. According to Labov, the narrative embodies several events which are temporarily and rationally previous to the narrative itself. Therefore, Labov realised the significance of sequence which denotes the chronological ordering in narrative discourse. To relate the literary issues with the linguistic aspects, "the structural organisation of the narrative is governed primarily by principles of chronological sequence." (Klapproth, 96) In the narrative strategy of the novel by Dickens, this structural organisation of the narrative assisted by the principles of chronological sequence is apparent. In the novel A Tale of the Two Cities one finds the best illustration of this structural organisation of the narrative through the principles of temporal sequence. The novel, arranged in three books, illustrates the impact of the principles of temporal sequence on the structural organisation of the narrative. The arrangement of the major events in the novel in three main sections indicates the significance of temporal seque

The Missouri Compromise Essay Example for Free

The Missouri Compromise Essay In 1819, The United States of America was made up of 22 states. At the time there was an even amount of free states and slave states. Due to the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, there were boundless acres of territory that had yet to be settled in the United States. Later that year, the territory of Missouri requested for statehood (Jones 361). This request set up controversy and conflict between the North and South states. Since the bulk of the settlers in the territory of Missouri were southerners, it was implied that if Missouri were to be welcomed to the Union as a state it would have to be a slave state. Nonetheless, if Missouri were added it would strictly disturb the political status quo. Amid all this tension, â€Å"Missouri’s admission was stalled† (Jordan 247). During this debacle, the territory, which we now call Maine, applied for statehood. Henry Clay, a politician at the time, knew that with Maine applying for statehood, this stalemate between slave states and free states could end. Soon after, the Missouri compromise of 1820 was the agreement that politicians made to evenly balance slave states and free states. Additionally, it was established that slavery would not be permissible to prolong in the territories north of the 36 ° 30’ latitude line (Jordan 247). The predicament with the Missouri Compromise was that the compromise was going to boost sectional division by outlining what the free states are in the North and what the slave states are in the South (Jordan 247). The result of this compromise was going to be a division between the North and the South. Furthermore, the Missouri Compromise was not adequately sufficient enough to keep the North and the South pleased. As the Missouri Compromise was written it was made permissible for Missouri to turn into a slave state as long as Missouri didn’t limit the rights of blacks or whites that immigrated into Missouri and that Maine would merge into the US as a free state (Jones 362). Even though the Missouri Compromise was very thought out, it was not the resolution to the slave predicament that people look forward to. To be more precise, it brought about the quarrel between politicians and citizens and led to a larger sense of sectionalism. The United States transformed into a hand tools, animal-power society into a mechanized, market-oriented society that came into sight in the North and West during the 1800s. This period of transformation was known as the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was during the time the cotton gin was invented. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to help making the picking of cotton easier (Jordan 248). Inadvertently, the cotton gin helped revitalize slavery. Inventions like the textile mills, and interchangeable parts helped create the market economy. In the market economy, produce was raised and merchandise was created for sale in the market. The money that farmers and merchants made from market transactions was spent to pay for goods raised or created by others (Norton 245). There was a market cycle beginning to form. Due to the market economy, cotton started to become very valuable and it also started to become more lucrative due to the cotton gin. Many settlers wanted to join in on this newfound wealth so all the settlers started to move west to grow cotton. Since the settlers knew that they would make more money if they had slaves on their farms they demanded slavery. To accommodate the needs of the new settlers the Missouri Compromise was drafted. Manifest Destiny was a belief that the United States had to keep on moving west. Moving west and settling in more area is the outcome of territorial expansion. With the combination of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and the Louisiana Purchase states would be created easier. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed territories to have its own government if it met a certain amount of people residing in that territory (Jordan 141). As I stated before in my introductory paragraph, the Louisiana Purchase gave the United States thousands of acres of land. It nearly doubled the size of the United States at the time of the transaction. The Louisiana Purchase gave settlers land to move west while the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 helped set up statehood and government for territories. If the Louisiana Purchase and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 didn’t occur there would be no Missouri Compromise if no one settled in Missouri. The Missouri Compromise brought out the disparities within the politicians of different parties and was a foundation to a transformation in American politics. The country was gradually separating into two distinct factions, those that preferred the southern agrarian, slave holding economy and those that preferred to shift the country in a more industrial course and preferred the abolition, or at least the restraining, of slavery. The resolution that Henry Clay recommened that was to be known as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 simply suspended a quarrel of great proportions until a later date. Word Count: 837 Outline Missouri Compromise Soon after, the Missouri compromise of 1820 was the agreement that politicians made to evenly balance slave states and free states. Additionally, it was established that slavery would not be permissible to prolong in the territories north of the 36 ° 30’ latitude line (Jordan 247). Sectionalism The predicament with the Missouri Compromise was that the compromise was going to boost sectional division by outlining what the free states are in the North and what the slave states are in the South (Jordan 247). Even though the Missouri Compromise was very thought out, it was not the resolution to the slave predicament that people look forward to. To be more precise, it brought about the quarrel between politicians and citizens and led to a larger sense of sectionalism. Industrial Revolution and Market Economy In the market economy, produce was raised and merchandise was created for sale in the market. The money that farmers and merchants made from market transactions was spent to pay for goods raised or created by others (Norton 245). Territorial Expansion The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed territories to have its own government if it met a certain amount of people residing in that territory (Jordan 141). The Louisiana Purchase gave settlers land to move west while the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 helped set up statehood and government for territories Conclusion The resolution that Henry Clay recommened that was to be known as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 simply suspended a quarrel of great proportions until a later date.

The Evolution of Ethics Essay -- essays papers

The Evolution of Ethics A goal implicit in human evolution is survival; thus, humanity directs some of its energy toward creating a state of peace to achieve the necessary efficiency and conservation of energy to survive in a hostile and sometimes unpredictable world. The foundation of the emergence of rule systems in the world is built upon centuries of reasoned insight and personal experiences that reveal which actions are better than others, which are productive, and which are disruptive and should be avoided. As efficient actions reveal themselves to an evolving society, its people develop the means to make productive choices between one type of action and another. Some choices are decidedly better than others. This prioritizing of human actions into efficient hierarchies establishes the foundations of rule systems which later refine themselves into more sophisticated systems of morals, manners and statutory laws. All these systems have a tendency to address the fundamental need of the human species to survive and avoid the common fate of extinction by conserving energy and directing social attention towards more productive kinds of behavior. It could be said that as civilization approaches the ideal of efficiency, the harmony that follows from efficient and thoughtful actions inspires a state of peace that exponentially increases the chances of human civilization surviving over long periods of time. Social change has more or less followed the more reasoned logic and experiences of people. Change is not always perfect. However, as people experience more and learn more about their world through formal education, they have more resources by which they can make judgments about the behavior of their fellow humans. Knowledge of the past lends to enlightened minds a knowledge of the future. Common education and experiences inspire the emergence of informal belief systems, clarifying what appears to be acceptable behavior and what is not. Observations that endure centuries of reasoned scrutiny integrate ultimately into the cultural ethic. As a rule of thumb, an action that contributes to the disorganization of society is often considered "wrong" and that which contributes to the organization of society "right." Behaviors that corrupt the peace, prosperity, and productivity of a society are generally discouraged as "wrong," in favor of behaviors which contri... ...es. Rule systems help keep people in their "right mind" instead of going "out of their minds" through excess. People who are repeatedly "out of their minds" have less chance of surviving and surviving well than people who remain true to their original personality. Some behaviors corrupt the efficiency and social compatibility of people more than other behaviors. Some part of the evolution of ethical systems monitors the growth of potentially harmful behaviors and looks for methods to suppress them. Rules help to reign in human passion as progress demands finer and finer delineations of labor, resources, and authority. The visceral compulsions of humans to survive rather than perish commands intelligent people to try to hold their society together and to keep people and their passions from tearing it apart. Survival places an imperative to be sensible enough to stay above the threshold of extinction as a species. This evolutionary process inspires finer and finer details of order, and is first evident in the moral senses of reasonable people who push for better rules to keep society orderly. To do this they must look from past experience into the future. Bibliography:

Alcoholism in Youth

Alcoholism in Youth Expectation, are they making things difficult? It seems that what is expected has not been achieved neither been integrated in mind and heart of the youth, being dubbed to as hope of the motherland. Did the famous national hero of ours, Dr. Jose P. Rizal, just had been mistaken with his proposition then? Or, is it because the influential matters in the society that dominates that is why those coined words by him do not materialized? Which is which? We could not escape from the facts that there is a bunch of malignant issues that bound the society. Yes, indeed, reality bites!Such social issues are fatal act into quoting that the youth is slowly killing the final stand of the country’s progress. What is the problem then? Or should I say problems? Alcoholism is considered as a widespread problem in the society since it can harm the individual’s health, relationships and status in life. It is definitely a disease which means an uncontrollable and obsessi ve consumption of alcoholic beverages. It detriments the physical and mental components of a person and causes the brain to change in some point that the person becomes dependent and abusive.The alcoholism in youth is out of subtlety. It is really obvious now! Youths are unstoppable and always thrilled when talking about alcohol. They seem to be excited in the experience and proud in some point when drinking. Actually, the bond between alcohol and youth is really a complicated matter that everybody should need to understand to solve this this legal matter is way over ignorance, then underage drinking is common. Generally, young Filipinos start to drink at the age of 16 or 17. But there are some cases that they drink as young as 12 years old.Family, friends, and the mass media can be influential factors. With this matter, out of school youth could divert themselves seeing them at the end of the day, drinking alcohol and taking up drugs. Pursued by curiosity, they do what is not suppo sed to be done. If these deeds will be tolerated, then there will be just a little hole along the tunnel that will light up the dark pathways of life. It is the same as saying as the case gets worse, the result gets dark. With that they do, they vividly mirror what awaits tomorrow. Then what waits it then?Simple, a day full of miserable undertakings, full of regrets and a day that embraces darkness. In the stage of puberty, there are some huge changes and adjustments that the youths are experiencing and undergoing. These adjustments are crucial that they find the comfort in using drugs and alcohol. We can see that these on-going developmental changes are some factors that should be dealt by them. As they grow and expose to the outside world, peer pressures and thrill seeking activities lead to them to test their limit and their ability to go on what they can see.They try everything and anything even if it is harmful just to be accepted by the society they choose to be a part of. The se causes should be controlled and every youth should seek responsibility on what is morally and legally accepted. Character strength is tested during this kind of stages since every action has its own consequences. As stated earlier, there are so many harmful effects alcoholism can bring. In youths, the most difficult to avoid is the serious drinking problem which may be alcohol dependency or alcohol abuse.When a person starts to drink in a younger age, there is huge possibility that the person will become alcoholic. In a rebellion phase, of course, dangerous behavior can be amplified by alcohol. Since they are used to this kind of actions and environment, they tend to engage in much hazardous move like use of harmful drugs and risky behaviors. Finally, alcohol has an enormous effect in brain and body development. Underage drinkers may suffer and have difficulties in long term memory or critical thinking in later years. Hormonal imbalance will soon be observed which have a negative impact in reproduction.Drinking alcohol is a primitive practice of Filipinos as what history shows. Now we are in a modernized world, but this practice has never been avoided successfully. Alcohol is not really at fault but the person who abuse alcohol. Youths are risky in these abusive actions bu we should not criticize them. Nevertheless, we should be the model and the helpers of these youths as they move towards critical transitions. And at the end, the relationship between the youths and alcohol is not really a mystery. Its solution are not vague and if we just open our eyes wide enough, the solutions are just in front of us.

Nick Adams as Code Hero of in Our Time

Ernest Hemingway is noted for having made many contributions to the literary world and one of his most notorious contributions is the Code Hero. The birth and growth of the Code Hero can be easily observed simply by watching the growth and development of Nick Adams throughout Hemingway's writing. In Our Time contains a various assortment of Nick Adam stories at various stages of his life and also shows the Code Hero at various stages of its development. In Our Time was the second book Hemingway had published. His first contained only three short stories and ten poems and had little to do with the Code Hero, making In Our Time the first time Hemingway revealed the Code Hero to the rest of the world. The technique and characterization contained in In Our Time is consistent with most of Hemingway's later writings, setting up In Our Time as a model of Hemingway's style and the Code Hero According to Professor Paul Totah of St. Ignatius, Hemingway defined the Code Hero as â€Å"a man who lives correctly, following the ideals of honor, courage and endurance in a world that is sometimes chaotic, often stressful, and always painful. The Code Hero measures himself by how well they handle the difficult situations that life throws at him. In the end the Code Hero will lose because we are all mortal, but the true measure is how a person faces death. The Code Hero is typically an individualist and free-willed. Although he believes in the ideals of courage and honor he has his own set of morals and pr inciples based on his beliefs in honor, courage and endurance. Qualities such as bravery, adventuresome and travel also define the Code Hero. A final trait of the Code Hero is his dislike of the dark. It symbolizes death and is a source of fear for him. The rite of manhood for the Code Hero is facing death. However, once he faces death bravely and becomes a man he must continue the struggle and constantly prove himself to retain his manhood (Totah). The Code Hero is present in the majority of Hemingway's novels. Even the young man in Hills Like White Elephants contained many of the characteristics of the Code Hero such as free-willed, individualist, and travel. The individualism comes out in his desire to not have a child. It would solidify the group aspect of a family between him and the lady. The travel trait is obvious by the mention of the stickers on the luggage denoting the many places they had been. His free will comes out also in his desire not to be a father. If he were a father he would have to begin making decisions for his child and family, not just for himself. The first Nick Adam story, Indian Camp shows Nick as a young boy and also shows Nick as he experiences the main characteristic of the Code Hero, facing death bravely. Nick's witnessing of the Indian's suicide introduces him to death for the first time. Instead of being frightened or sickened by the experience, Nick stays strong and asks his father questions about it instead. The fear of darkness is also touched upon in Indian Camp. When Nick first goes to the camp it is dark and he sits in the boat with his father's arm around him, providing a sense of security. When Nick leaves the camp it is light outside. Nick runs his hand through the water, which is described as warm and provides the sense of security that his father had to provide during the night. The light shining on the water and warmth that Nick feels is also mentioned along with Nick's thought that he would never die. Nick draws strength and sanctuary from the morning as opposed to the night before. Nick's feeling that he would never die shows this as an early stage in his development into a Code Hero. He has not accepted the inevitability of death, yet. The Doctor and the Doctor's Wife also shows Nick developing into the Code Hero, although in a very subtle way. Nick is only involved in the end of the story but the few sentences that Hemingway writes about him are enough to show development. Nick is described as sitting in the woods reading. This shows him as someone who enjoys the outdoors. From this it can be derived that he enjoys traveling. He doesn't like being tied down to civilization; he'd rather be out exploring and setting his own path. This shows the free will and individualism of Nick. The description of him reading shows that he's expanding his knowledge. It's unimportant what he's reading; it just shows that he's expanding his knowledge of the world. From this he will form his opinions and beliefs, helping him create his own value and belief system. His parents' contradicting religious views reinforce this. Since he does not have one religion exposed to him he has to examine both. From this he will pick and chose the ideals he believes in. The End of Something and The Three-Day Blow show the development of Nick's individualism. Although his age is not mentioned, it can be assumed he has passed through adolescence and is becoming a young man. He feels that his relationship with Marjorie is becoming too close. He is losing his individuality as they become more of a couple, although he doesn't realize it. All he knows it that the relationship wasn't fun any longer and it was over for some reason he didn't know. Bill articulates the reason when he describes what married life would have been like for Nick. Nick would have had to settle down and get a job and raise a family. Bill also points out that Nick would have been marrying her whole family, not just her. Nick would have no longer been an individual; he would have been part of a group. He also would have lost his free will. He would not have been able to do whatever he wanted whenever he wanted. He would have had to factor in the family into his decisions. Bill further points out that Marjorie's mother would have been around all the time telling them how to do things and act. Nick's desire to travel is illustrated when he thinks about how he and Marjorie had talked of going to Italy and all the places they would go and see. Another characteristic revealed is honor. Bill states that Nick did the right thing by breaking up with Marjorie now while she still has a chance to meet someone else and settle down with him. It is implied that by Nick stopping things he actually helped both of them avoid a life that would have made them miserable. In The Battler Hemingway has Nick face death for the first time since that day at the Indian camp as a young boy. Nick is older now and is becoming a young man. Although death is not openly visible in the story, Nick does face it in two ways. The first is symbolic in the fact that although it is dark outside, Nick walks up to the fire and the stranger and begins a conversation. Nick bravely faced death in this instance. He didn't let the fact that it was dark, he was not near anyone that could help him, or that he didn't know the man stop him. The other way Nick faced death was his encounter with Ad. Ad said he was going o give Nick a beating but a man that could snap in and out of reality the way Ad did could easily beat Nick to eath. Nick is aware that he is in a dangerous situation, but he remains calm and doesn't show cowardice. He slowly backs away from Ad while trying to talk him out of the fight. Although he backed away, he didn't turn and run or begin crying and begging for mercy. He recognized the fact that he couldn't win a fight against Ad and used his intelligence to try and find ano ther solution. The Battler also shows Nick as a traveler. He is train hoping his way from town to town. Cross-Country Snow again shows the travel aspect of the Code Hero. Nick talks of wanting t travel all over Switzerland and Europe to ski and mentions having traveled a lot in the United States. The story also shows Nick being unhappy about giving up his free will and individualism. He has a baby on the way and it will change everything. He knows he will have to return to the U. S. He says he is happy now that he will be a father but he still emits regret at not being able to ski anymore. This is symbolic of more than skiing, though. It symbolizes his regret at not being able to just bum around Europe or travel around the States. It symbolizes a loss of his free will. His decisions will no longer affect just him. This ties in with his loss of individualism. He now has a family to think about and provide for. He is part of a small group and not just an individual. Despite all this, he faces it bravely. He says he is happy to become a father. In this way he faces the death of his free will and individualism bravely. Big Two-Hearted River shows Nick as a man and also reveals that he has acquired many of the qualities of the Code Hero. He is out in the woods and camping along the river alone, depicting his individualism. His camping and fishing show his adventuresome personality. His reminiscing of other fishing trips at various places reveals his love of traveling. Nick is always respectful of nature and the river. There is an aspect of Nick's fear of the dark as well. When he speaks his voice sounds strange in the darkness and he doesn't speak again. Despite this fear he is brave and camps out alone near the river. By this point Nick has nearly matured into the full Code Hero and fully into a man. Chapter IV is the conclusion of the growth of the Code Hero and Nick Adams. Nick is in a war, most likely WWI. He has been shot and he is staring into the face of death. He is also smiling. In this short one paragraph sketch, Nick shows his bravery, courage and endurance to face an extremely difficult situation and face death. At this point Nick proves his manhood and shows the final evolution of the Code Hero. The fact that Nick is a soldier fighting in a war reinforces his bravery and courage. His survival during the war displays his ability to endure and persevere through tough situations. Although it is a collection of short stories, Hemingway's In Our Time presents his famous Code Hero in various stages of its development through the development of one of his most famous characters, Nick Adams. Characteristics such as bravery, courage, endurance, free will, individualism, a desire to travel, a fear of the darkness and the ability to face death and the difficulty of life are prevalent in Nick as he grows from a young boy in Indian Camp into a man in Chapter VI. The Nick Adams stories contained in In Our Time do a great job of showing Nick at various stages of his life and in various stages of his development into the Code Hero, making the book a model of the Code Hero.